The Soudan Mine, Minnesota's oldest, deepest, and richest iron mine was owned by US Steel and was active from 1901 to 1962.
In the 1980’s University of Minnesota scientists developed the site for sensitive physics experiments and now hosts the Soudan Underground Laboratory.

Blast Furnace #1, 2011, Encaustic, paint, wood, rust on sheet metal, 24” x 24” x 1.5,” Private Collection

The Carrie Furnace, located along the Monogahela River –near Pittsburgh - in Rankin, Pennsylvania- (Homestead Steel Works.)
Built in 1907 -1978. Massive towers stood 92’ tall – produced 1,250 tons of iron a day during 1950’s-60’s. A Blast Furnace smelts (pulls base metals from ore) to make iron.

"Central Furnace Cleveland," 2018, Encaustic, wood, cement on sheet metal, 59" x 21.5" x 2" This work is available, contact artist for price.

The structured imagery “floats” on sheet metal panels below. Note: This painting is based on the 1910 photograph by Ralph A. Dise, showing the ore-handling plant at Central Furnace. What struck me is the magnificent, stocking bridge with a 238’ span that acts like a sentinel, keeping watch over the works.

8 Industrial Vignettes: River Rouge, 2013-14, Encaustic, oil paint, cement, marine varnish, 8- 6” wood panels, 24” x 13”

Fence: Bethlehem Steel, 2018, Mixed media on sheet metal, 12” x 13.25” x 0.75” Private Collection

Blast Furnace C-5 Cleveland, 2018, Mixed media on sheet metal, 9.5” x 8.75” x 0.75”

Packard Building Ten, 2013-15, Encaustic, paint, wood, cement, glass, 1929 Detroit Street Guide pages on panel, 30” x 36” x 3”

Twin Cities Ford Assembly Plant, 2011-12, Encaustic, paint, wood, cement, on sheet metal, 48.5” x 12.5”

Day Shift Sky, 2019, Encaustic, paint, wood, z-scale railroad track on sheet metal, 9” x 9” x 1”

Portal: Steubenville North Works, 2019, Mixed media on sheet metal,
12” x 13.25” x 0.75” This work is available, contact artist for price.

AC Delco Flint, 2012, Encaustic, oil paint, wood on sheet metal, 18” x 18” x 2” This work is available, contact artist for price.

2018, 6 mixed media paintings on sheet metal in weathered ladder, 94” x14” 2.5.”